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The psychology of evil
PODLAHOVÁ, Eliška
The thesis is focused on evil in psychology, ethical approaches, and on evil with regard to social work. First, some ethical approaches to evil are listed, then the development of morality is briefly introduced. Among other things, the thesis pays attention to personality traits, behavioural manifestations, and personality disorders. It also includes some knowledge about evil from social psychology.
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Behavioral disturbances according to ICD-10 at pupils of elementary school and special elementary school
Pokorný, Daniel ; Šotolová, Eva (advisor) ; Mlčková, Marie (referee)
The goal of the bachelor thesis is to map the occurrence of behavioural disorders in the base of pupils in special elementary schools and in standard elementary schools, in the same time. The guiding document for this thesis is the International Classification of Diseases, rev. 10 (ICD-10), supplemented within particular diagnoses by specific case history of school practice. There is a brief historical overview of the ICD's development and its current form followed by successively given various diagnoses of behavioural disorders together with a brief description of diagnosis, symptoms and procedures to address or treat these disorders in the thesis. The bachelor's thesis is focused to individual case histories, then. In the context of reported cases, the manifestations or solutions of rate of problems are outlined within school pupils as they occur in common practice of elementary schools. Comparison of theoretical and practical part brings new and interesting information, in this context.
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Pathological personality structure i the stories of clients treated for addictive substance abuse in a chosen Highlands facility.
Kárníková, Tereza ; Reichelová, Lenka (advisor) ; Čablová, Lenka (referee)
Pathological personality structure in the stories of clients treated for addictive substance abuse in a chosen Highlands facility Abstract This thesis deals with the issue of personality disorders, termed in the title as pathological structures of personality, of people treated for addictive substance abuse. Numerous Czech and foreign studies pointing out high prevalence of personality disorders with substance abusers served as a base. I also proceeded from the finding that little was written in theory or dealt with in practice concerning comorbidity of abovementioned issues. The theoretical part is divided into three parts. The first part develops the topic of personality disorders, chosen types of addiction and the unifying topic of psychiatric comorbidity. The aim of the thesis is, by analyzing two case studies, to describe the possible manifestations and treats of specific personality disorders, to observe the way they affect their life or the development of the illness connected to substance abuse and the part they took in their relapses or in their cooperation with the services for substance abusers. I reached the goals of this thesis by the methods of qualitative research, using a semi-structured interview that was later on transformed into a case history. The research file consisted of two clients...
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BPQ - Contribution to a validation study
Koutná, Kateřina ; Preiss, Marek (advisor) ; Riegel, Karel (referee)
ANNOTATION: This thesis deals with the Czech version of the BPQ (Borderline Personality Questionare) and aims to verify the psychometric properties questionare. I use custom developed data collected in the context of a larger study NÚDZ aimed at needy validation of a questionnaire method of measuring different facets of personality functioning. Detailed analysis of these data, I concluded that the questionnaire is internally consistent, as I stated prior percentile standards and compared the psychometric properties of the Czech version of the original American version. KEYWORDS: Personality, personality disorders, borderline personality disorder, Borderline Personality Questionare- BPQ
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The Role of Empathy in Ethical Behaviour
Novák, Lukáš ; Matějek, Jaromír (advisor) ; Ovečka, Libor (referee)
More than two hundred years ago David Hume together with his fellow philosopher Adam Smith posited, that ethical behaviour arises from so called: "moral sense". In the other words, they share the same idea, that passions are principle evoking and guiding human behaviour. Hume claim: "Reason is, and ought only to be the slave of the passions" (…). It is possible that this statement - among others - woke up from the 'dogmatic dream' one of the greatest philosophers of all time - Immanuel Kant, who propose, - contrary to Hume - that reason but not necessary passions can determinate human actions. In the question of what rule the passions in ethics have, it seems to be helpful to use the knowledge which follows from recent science. During this thesis we will use methods such as: comparison, analysis and synthesis. Main aim of this thesis will be to deal with the following question: what relationship can be observed between empathy, "moral sense" and ethical behaviour in perspective of recent science. This enquiry will therefore try to deal with the old question: what the the relationship between reason, passions and ethical behaviour is.
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Social work methods and their effectiveness used for clients with mental disorders
Pomahačová, Kateřina ; Krahulcová, Beáta (advisor) ; Ondrušová, Jiřina (referee)
In thesis on the topic "Social work methods used in clients with mental disorders and their effectiveness" I focus on the terminology. I am going to learn basic information about selected mental disorders such as schizophrenia, affective disorders, specifically bipolar disorder, neurotic disorders, specifically obsessive-compulsive disorder and lastly personality disorders, namely borderline personality disorder. Next, I am going to focus on the treatment possibilities of mental disorders, where I speak about the prevention and social worker approach. I continue with social survey and treatment&care for people with mental disorders. Finally, I am going to write about social work methods. The main goal of my thesis was to find what methods of social work are used at work with clients suffering mental disorders. Also if in practice are any methods used and what kind of method is used most often. My next goal was to find out the effectiveness of the methods used in social work. I used survey by a questionnaire. The survey contains 11semi-open questions. After that I concluded that methods of social work are provided to clients with mental disorders and all methods of social work for the mentally ill are used. That means work with an individual, family, group, community, psychiatric rehabilitation,...
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Structured interview for the alternative model of personality disorders in relation to self-report
Afanasyeva, Krystsina ; Preiss, Marek (advisor) ; Křížová, Ivana (referee)
This thesis deals with diagnostic methods for personality disorders - a questionnaire LPFS-BF 2.0 and a semi-structured interview STiP-5.1. Both methods assess the level of personality functioning from The DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders. The main aim of that study is to compare a self-report method and a method based on clinical assessment on a sample of N = 30 non-psychiatric group and N = 30 clinical group. Diagnostic criteria for personality disorders in accordance with valid classification systems are presented in the theoretical part of the study, with an emphasis on benefits and limitations of the DSM-5 alternative model. Categorial and dimensional diagnostic approaches were compared and critically evaluated. Existing diagnostic methods for personality disorders were then discussed, structured interviews and questionnaires were analyzed more in detail. Specifics in use of self- report methods and structured interviews for assessing personality disorders were also discussed. In the empirical part a quantitative analysis was held to discover whether both methods mentioned above assess the same level of personality functioning, and also whether both methods differentiate between the control and clinical groups. The results have shown significant correlations between scores of...
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Czech version of the Personality inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5): Theoretical background, psychometric properties and implications for clinical practice.
Riegel, Karel Dobroslav ; Preiss, Marek (advisor) ; Vevera, Jan (referee) ; Praško Pavlov, Ján (referee)
2 ABSTRACT In the Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD), the diagnosis of specific personality disorders is obtained through an evaluation of the level of impairment in personality functioning and an assessment of dimensional personality traits associated in 25 "lower order" facets and 5 "higher order" domains. The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) was developed for examination of personality traits within this system. This Ph.D. thesis covers five relevant publications regarding AMPD, particularly PID-5. First, the authors introduce the theoretical background of the PID-5. Attention is paid on its ease of use, data interpretation and use of these data for treatment planning in different clinical settings. Two empirical studies test PID-5 psychometric properties (internal consistency, validity, discrimination capacity and unidimensional structure) in the sample of community volunteers (n=351) and a clinical sample of psychiatric patients (n=143). PID-5 was administered individually and in a group setting using pen-paper method and online data collection. 33 respondents completed the inventory twice to check test-retest reliability. Authors presumed, evidence will be found to support internal consistency and convergent validity of the PID-5 personality trait domains, as well as their...
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Personality psychopathology measured by alternative model of DSM-V
Barcaj, Martina ; Preiss, Marek (advisor) ; Juríčková, Veronika (referee)
The DSM-5 Alternative Personality Disorder Model includes Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) that assess 25 specific personality traits in 5 domains. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the method and its clinical benefits, especially by comparing it with the IPDE structured interview method on a sample of N = 29 psychiatric patients. Quantitative analysis of the results of both methods revealed a number of statistically significant correlations between the IPDE dimensional scores and the individual PID-5 traits of corresponding disorders. For disorders equally defined by both approach, the IPDE dimensional scores and PID-5 individual traits correlated by majority. Due to the overall low prevalence of undisputed personality disorder diagnosis in the sample, a qualitative analysis of 11 selected cases was performed. This analysis revealed the overlapping of the personality traits derived from both methods in 10 of these 11 cases. The methods differ in the assignment of a specific personality disorder as a diagnosis, but this is due in particular to a different theoretical definition of the methods. Overall, the PID-5 method has been evaluated as clinically beneficial, with a promising future and wide use in clinical practice. KEYWORDS Personality disorders, diagnostics, PID-5, IPDE
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The Role of Empathy in Ethical Behaviour
Novák, Lukáš ; Matějek, Jaromír (advisor) ; Ovečka, Libor (referee)
More than two hundred years ago David Hume together with his fellow philosopher Adam Smith posited, that ethical behaviour arises from so called: "moral sense". In the other words, they share the same idea, that passions are principle evoking and guiding human behaviour. Hume claim: "Reason is, and ought only to be the slave of the passions" (…). It is possible that this statement - among others - woke up from the 'dogmatic dream' one of the greatest philosophers of all time - Immanuel Kant, who propose, - contrary to Hume - that reason but not necessary passions can determinate human actions. In the question of what rule the passions in ethics have, it seems to be helpful to use the knowledge which follows from recent science. During this thesis we will use methods such as: comparison, analysis and synthesis. Main aim of this thesis will be to deal with the following question: what relationship can be observed between empathy, "moral sense" and ethical behaviour in perspective of recent science. This enquiry will therefore try to deal with the old question: what the the relationship between reason, passions and ethical behaviour is.
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